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| Fig.
1 - Cenacolo, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan |
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| Fig.
2 - Adoration of the Magi, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
(detail) |
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| Fig.
3 - Canvas copy by Giampietrino. Bartholomew (detail) |
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| Fig.
4 - Wooden copy, by Virgilio del Conte |
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| Fig.
5 - Bas relief, Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Venice |
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| Fig.
6 - Portrait of Salai. Private collection, Germany |
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Fig. 7 - Cenacolo,
Milan. Thomas, Jacob and Philip (detail)
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An infinite
number of papers and books have been dedicated to this very
famous
painting in the Refettorio of the monastery of Santa Maria
delle Grazie in Milan but some mystery did always remain and
this may be one of the element of attraction, by the way common
to other works by Leonardo. One day the librarian of my institute
who keeps an eye on my trafficking with Leonardo did ask me:
"The guys there gesticulate in an unordered way. As you
are a Tuscan and have a feeling for gestures, what are they
trying to say?"
I took the challenge and did look with
the usual prejudice that they were reacting to Jesus statement:
"One of you will betray me." Delusion, to my Tuscan
eye they were saying something else, but at first I could
not figure out what. So I started reasoning from inside that
usually Leonardo, who had a sacrilegious mind according to
Vasari, but had a strong sense for hierarchical importance,
when representing Jesus did put himself in place. Adult Jesus
or the small one, the same. And his mother was the Madonna.
A curious fact was that he called the
painting "Il Cenacolo". This term in Italian
in general, but especially in Florence doesn't mean "Last
Supper " as it is currently supposed, but a circle of
guys with a common interest, which meet regularly, possibly
after work to discuss their arguments, often on intellectual
subjects and perhaps have something to eat. If it is a Cenacolo,
one of the problem is in what the Leo-Jesus companions were
interested. Presumably in something vital to Leo and for which
the meeting could become an event so as to merit such a grandiose
mural.
One problem that did cast a very long
shadow of sorrow in the life of Leo was that as a consequence
of the infinite rapes he was submitted to in his young years
he had become impotent if preserving the male impulses. The
castration story is made explicit in Jesus blessing hand in
the NY Metropolitan Madonna and child reported in
this same gallery. The psychoanalysts that sounded him
in depth, on the basis of his scripts, K.R. Eissler and R.S.
Stites reached parallel conclusions. That idea is clearly
expressed in a self portrait in the Adoration of the Magi
at the Uffizi, where he seem to pray to have an erection (fig.
2). He did call the event wittily and somehow blasphemously:
Resurrectio carnis.
It must be clear that Leonardo work can
be read at various levels, Leo Steinberg says and repeats
this in his book "Leonardo incessant last supper":
.. He is never unambiguous and clear, but consistently layered,
double functioning, polysemantic .. pictorial symbols as multiplex
signs .. ambiguity becomes a species of power. This is to
say that my interpretation can be one of the layers and will
not necessarily displace others, but it will show his infinite
ability at multiplexing sacred and profane and I presume will
reveal his deepest drives an multiplexed personality.
After long meditations I tentatively
had a hunch, that the great event is an erection by Leo-Jesus,
the unfulfilled dream of his life, the resurrectio carnis,
and the bunch around the table were his cenacolo of gays.
With that assumption, suddenly, all the mise en scene did
make a coherent sense to me. Because the hierarchies in the
band would be upset by "The Event" explains the
sudden agitation and give a meaning to the gestures and postures.
Eg St. John who has the features of Salai the lifelong lover
of Leonardo, leans out contrary to all tradition of Last Suppers.
If the boss has an erection his job is lost. Not to speak
of the two guys at the left of Leo-Jesus one announcing the
event with popping eyes and a straight finger pointing upwards
and the other staring in marvel at the loin, oh my, oh Jesus.
A subtle and never really interpreted
gesture is Jesus extended hand moving toward a similarly extended
hand by Judas. The hands are open in a sign that can be interpreted
as agreement Through my decoding I have identified the features
of the various Leo's rapists, Judas has the features of the
Nibbio, the rapist n1 . From certain reconstructions I have
done he must have kept relations with adult Leo. The gesture
may then mean continuity of homosexual relation in spite of.
My interpretation being somehow extreme
and Leo's worshippers being touchy I kept it to me except
some hints to the librarian who said oh my you will never
be able to publish it. It flashed to my mind the publish and
perish for the Leo's astronomical discoveries. However I thought
such evident hints should not have totally escaped to millions
of people looking at the Cenacolo over five centuries. Especially
to fellow artists who have sharp eyes and twisted minds. Luckily
in 2001 a splendid exposition perceptively titled "Il
genio e le passioni" was arranged in the Palazzo Reale
in Milano. There about 100 art objects were presented, inspired
to the Cenacolo, from the one to one copy by Giampietrino,
on canvas and perfectly preserved, to objects where the Leo's
influence was more and more indirect. I went through the exposition
goggle eyed. The fellow artists who spent days and years in
front of the original, had seen.
Obviously they were boiling to tell it
around, but the atmosphere in the sixteen century when most
of the pieces of art were done was not optimal to say such
things explicitly (still it is not). So they astutely modified
some details of their copies to show they got the joke. So
that posterity, i.e. me and my readers if they believe me,
could witness their wit. I will report here a few examples,
very simple and evident as a web site requires, leaving the
full exercise to the reader who can leaf the beautiful
catalogue of "Il genio e le passioni" produced
by SKIRA in 2001.
On the left of the Cenacolo there is
a robust and aggressive guy explicitly protesting, formally
Bartholomew. His legs are short and he superposes his feet
to bring his groin at the level of the table. As it appears
clearly in the Giampietrino copy a suspicious roll of cloth
lays in front on the table. (Fig. 3) A small woodcut attributed
to Virgilio del Conte (1558- 1617) and reproducing the Cenacolo
gives the first interpretation, instead of the roll, the tunic
appears pushed forward by a sort of stick inside, well over
the table, and the folds propagate straight up and down. (Fig.
4)
A more explicit version appears in a
bas relief constituting the back side of a tombstone in Santa
Maria dei Miracoli in Venice, for the chaplain of the church
Michele Fiorini dead in 1670. It's dating is uncertain, but
around 1500.(Fig. 5) Also author is uncertain, on the basis
of the sacrilege it could be Leonardo himself. In this bas
relief the roll is open and shows a sort of bull penis cut
in three pieces. Bartholomew appears upset, St Peter clasps
gingerly a short butcher knife worn by sharpening and Judas
holds high a big scrotum. The stallion protesting in the Cenacolo
has been properly punished. St. John-Salai still leans out.
This Bartholomew seems much observed
by the artists copying the Cenacolo. His vest is knotted on
the shoulder, in a rough ball in the original. But a number
of copies sport an elegant knot in form of a penis in erection
phase.(Fig. 3) He looks at Jesus as protesting and his right
hand folds a cloth. In the original the action is not legible
any more, but in the copies it is very clear, the cloth forms
a vulva, an injury directed to Leo as he supposedly should
stick to his normal passive role.
The immense success of the thriller "The
da Vinci Code" has injected in the collective imaginary
the rock belief that the St. John in the Cenacolo is actually
Mary Magdalene, wife of Jesus. It is not clear why a loving
wife should lean out, but the face is feminine and many guess
some sort of tits. But there is a drawing depicting Salai,
the life long lover of Leo (Fig. 6), most probably due to
Leonardo himself according to Carlo Pedretti. It is now in
private hands in Germany but it seems it did belong to the
bunch of drawings in Windsor and was "lost" due
to the Victorian ethics of some conservator. It sports in
fact an equine penis, to make any conservator jealous. And
has an evident tit. I think this Salai is the best candidate
for a St John leaning away, for very good reasons, from Leo-Jesus
but I confess I was not able to convince my friends who had
read "The da Vinci Code".
The real eye witnesses of the event are
the three persons on the left of Leo-Jesus and they react
in a very informative way (Fig. 7). Thomas goggle eyed at
the sudden abundance points up a strait index, Tuscan gesture
for erection, Jacob stares at the groin with raised hands
and marvelled head, Philip on the right tore his dress with
a face full of desire as if. "One of you will betray
me" really doesn't work.
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